Antipsychotics Black Box Warning for Elderly Patients

Antipsychotics Black Box Warning for Elderly Patients More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis If you have an elderly family member or friend suffering from Alzheimers, vascular dementia, or another type of dementia, he or she may be experiencing dementia-related psychosis, delusions, and hallucinations,  and receiving an antipsychotic drug to treat these symptoms. Its important to know that while clinicians have the option of using these drugs in elderly dementia patients, antipsychotics come with a black box warning for this population specifically. In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)  mandated that antipsychotic drug manufacturers add black box warnings to labels and prescribing information because of the link found between antipsychotics and an increased mortality risk in elderly dementia patients. Antipsychotic Black Box Warning (full text) ?WARNING: Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients With Dementia-Related PsychosisElderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17  placebo-controlled trials  (modal duration* of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group.Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infections (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased morta lity in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear.[DRUG BRAND NAME (drug generic name)] is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.*Modal duration means that the most common length of the trials used was 10 weeks. Antipsychotic Medications With Black Box Warnings The antipsychotics that carry this black box warning include both  atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics  and the older  typical (first-generation) antipsychotics, including: Atypical Antipsychotics Abilify (aripiprazole)Clozaril (clozapine)  (full list of  black box warnings for Clozaril)Geodon (ziprasidone)Invega (paliperidone)Risperdal (risperidone)Seroquel (quetiapine)Zyprexa (olanzapine)Symbyax (olanzapine plus fluoxetine)  (Zyprexa plus  Prozac) Typical Antipsychotics Compro (prochlorperazine)Haloperidol  (also known as Haldol, but no longer sold under the brand name)Loxapine  (also known as Loxitane, but no longer sold under the brand name)Thioridazine  (also known as Mellaril, but no longer sold under the brand name)Molindone (also known as Moban, but no longer sold under the brand name)Navane  (thiothixene)Orap  (pimozide)Fluphenazine  (also known as Prolixin, but no longer sold under the brand name)Trifluoperazine  (also known as Stelazine, but no longer sold under the brand name)Chlorpromazine  (also known as Thorazine, but no longer sold under the brand name)Perphenazine  (also known as Trilafon, but no longer sold under the brand name) Why These Medications Are Still Used Psychosis and agitation in dementia is a situation that causes considerable distress to patients and families and may hasten institutionalization in some patients. Because there are a limited number of medications that can treat this condition in these circumstances, your loved ones doctor may still use one or more antipsychotic medications that carry this black box warning. In a situation like this, the doctor will consider whether the potential benefits of using the medication(s) are greater than the risks involved.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Essay - 825 Words

Samsung Galaxy S5 (Essay Sample) Content: SurnameTutorDateSamsung Galaxy S5Released in the February of 2014 by the Korean technology Giant Samsung, Samsung Galaxy S5 is a real smart phone. It brings a never experienced and integrated new technology into the world of smartphones that cannot match its predecessor Samsung Galaxy S4. It is a technological evidence of innovative minds in the 21st century. In the galaxy family and the smartphone field at large, Samsung Galaxy S5 stands as a unique smart phone.At a glance, the phone is attractive in appearance. It comes in four distinctive colors that fit its size and taste, charcoal black, copper gold, electric blue and shimmery white (Samsung Corporation 1). This phone only weighs 145 grams, 15 grams more than its predecessor does. However, for a phone of its type, it is lighter. Another feature is its size in the thinness and breadth of the phone. It is 8.1 millimeters thick and 72.5 millimeters this makes it 0.2 millimeters thicker and 2.5 millimeters wider than its predecessor does (Simons, 4). However, what makes S5 withstanding is the small screen to body ratio. Besides, the body of S5 has both plastic and metal compared to that of S4 that has plastic alone.When it comes to the screen, Samsung Galaxy S5 is not comparable to its predecessor Samsung Galaxy S4. S5 possesses one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s most vibrant screens (Samsung Corporation 1). The screen is an extension from that of its predecessor of 5.0 to 5.1 inches with added biometrics. However, it retains the 16M colors of 1080 pixel super AMOLED capacitive screen touch with a multitouch input (Simons, 4). Besides, the screen is made up of the corning gorilla glass of the third generation compared to the second generation of its predecessor. This implies that, the screen is more resistant to scratch and breakage. However, what makes the screen and housing of this phone different, from that of S4 is the dust and waterproof ability and its ability to sense fingerprints.It is true that, the speed of a smartphone makes it more desirable. The specifications on S5 do not let it down. Running on 2.5 GHz quad-core compared to the S4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s 1.9 GHz quad-core central processing unit makes this phone faster (Simons, 4). When combined with the 2 gigabyte of random access memory, it makes this phone have amazing speed (Samsung Corporation 1). This means that more applications can run in the background than in that of the predecessor "with almost zero chances of hanging" (Samsung Corporation 1). Besides, it gives the phone ability to run high memory games. Furthermore, the Snapdragon 801 in S4 is a lot more powerful than the Snapdragon 600 in S4 (Simons, 4). This phone runs on Android KitKat version, which is almost comparable to the Jerry-bean version on S4. However, the S5 version of Android is upgradable to the latest lollipop version (Simons, 4).When it comes to the network and connectivity, S5 and S4 are relatively comparable. They both run on a dual band. Bes ides, they support Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi hotspot that saves on data usage. Both features the Bluetooth version 4.0. They also have global positioning satellite and infrared port. These phones also have an accelerometer, gyro, proximity, gesture, compass and barometer sensors. However, S5 comes with more sensors like the fingerprint sensor and the heart rate sensors. Finally, both phone supports threaded messaging, email push mail and java.Most people agree that, what makes a smartphone smart is photo quality and phone storage capacity. Samsung Galaxy S5 has a dual camera like its predecessor. S5 has a 16-megapixel autofocus s rear camera, which is 3 megapixels higher than that of S4. This camera has face detection ability and equipped with a light emitting diode flash, giving it ability to capture photos even at night (Simons, 4). However, it is the 2.6-inch sensor size and a dual shot of S5 that make it an outstanding picture phone. It enables the S5 camera to simultaneous capture high d efinition video and image recording, geo-tagging face and smile detection and touch focus. With this, a person can take photos simultaneously with videotaping (Samsung Corporation 1). The 2.1 megapixel S5 front camera also beats that of S4. Besides with an internal storage of between 16 and 32 gigabytes and expandable memory of up to 128 gigabyte to store photos documents and music.The phone comes with a remo...

Moderate reforms were expected in 1789, and with louis...

Moderate reforms were expected in 1789, and with louis failing to meet these reforms from the period 1789 to 1793, along with the growing radicalisation of the sans-cullotes, the growing power of an external organization other than the crown, such as the national, legislative assemblies and revolutionary clubs, it eventually challenged the crown’s authority and power over France. And it could be said it was Louis’ misaction and wrong actions taken at volatile times that led him to his downfall. As this is evident by the refusal to accept the august decrees, civil consititution, leaking military strategies at times of war with France which made him an anti-revolutionist by the eyes of the people. The anti-revolutionary stance he had grasped†¦show more content†¦As these are not reasons why the king was executed but it was surely the beginning of the chain reaction which led France into turmoil and therefore forced the king into execution. After the storming of the Bastille the national assembly draws up the august decrees, a constitution with 13 points that promised the end of the french feudal era and the stoppage of noble gluttony, but the problem was that, the king would not accept the decrees, and this therefore made him a a foe to the wants of the french people and especially the Parisians. With the French already in discontent with king’s refusal to accept to the constitution and the growing economical difficulties, especially grain shortage and rumours of grain hoarding, a time arose known as the great fear, this was rural unrest and uprising in opposition to the nobles and an attack on the feudality itself as seigneurial symbols were destroyed, rasdicalisation of the people is clearly not in doubt and is clear that the situation in france is detereorating. Arriving at the palace of versailles stormed the 7000 female sans-cullotes along with 20,000 bourgeoise national guards setting the demands for the k ing, the king was therefore forced to accept the decrees of august, agree on the civil constitution of the right of man, and agree to provide paris with grain. In this we find out that, the radicalisation of the people had reached such an extent that no longer was itShow MoreRelatedRepresentation of Scrooge in A Christmas Carol Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesgrave. At the end of the novel, Dickens writes: â€Å"I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel; I am as merry as a school-boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man. A merry Christmas to everybody! A happy New Year to all the world! Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!† This quote shows that Scrooge is changing. He was relaxing himself as a child, who is easily amused. This use of similie makes him sound positive and relaxed. He was a man who was cold and humorless before and now he was a warm-heartedRead MoreA Christmas Carol Is One Of The Most Iconic Play1029 Words   |  5 Pagestouched everything and yelled, â€Å"I don’t know what to do! I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a school-boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man. A merry Christmas to every-body! A happy New Year to all the world! Hallo here! Whoop! Hallo!† His face was filled with such excitement and he was tiptoeing and twirling on his feet; this was persuasive as it makes the audience feel that he was truly happy. Another actor who was successful in the play was Eric Steven Flores, whoRead MoreSummary of Chapter 6 consumer behavior830 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than complete Interpretation Perceptual interpretation occurs because consumers have unique motives, interests, and experiences Stereotypes People hold meanings related to stimuli: Physical appearances, descriptive terms, first impressions, hallo effect. 1. Physical Appearance: Positive attributes of people they know to those who resemble them such as beautiful show host , color to food, celebrities, and important for model selection. 2. Desceiptive Terms: Verbal messages reflect stereotypesRead MoreSvens Swiss Miss620 Words   |  3 Pagesimpressive! What’s five times five?† Gà ¼nther ponders. â€Å"Twenty-five!† â€Å"Nice job Gà ¼nther!† I walk away from the kitchen with the boys at my heels. Curled up wistfully on the couch, fingering a wood carving of mine, is Heidi. â€Å"Hallo Heidi!† I say. She jolts up, her eyes look sleepy and hâ€Å"Hallo Sven,† She says quietly, â€Å"How was your day?† â€Å"Gut, it was gut.† I don’t ask her about her day, its obvious it wasn’t good. Heidi is my younger sister, age fourteen. â€Å"Children! Dinner.† Mutter calls. Franz and Gà ¼ntherRead MoreA Comparison of The Red Room and The Signalman Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesslowly introduced. The suspense in each story was gradually built up, and maintained throughout. Examples of this can be seen in ‘The Signalman’ especially in the first part of the story where the narrator leaves the reader on a cliff-hanger; ‘hallo! below there’. This type of suspense is also in ‘The Red Room’, except with different levels, as the suspense is gradually added. This gives a slow climbing build to a huge climax. To build on the general suspense, the writer added repetitive words Read MoreMy Family Eulogy1715 Words   |  7 Pageshand on the doorknob, turned it to pull the door open and there he was†¦ there was Papa sitting in a wheelchair, trying to push himself up to stand and embrace us. Aged, almost beyond recognition, I couldn t believe it was actually Him before us. â€Å"Hallo, Papa!† Ellen and I greeted him in Dutch and threw our arms around his neck. In order to see us better, he pushed back just slightly. â€Å"Jij bent Joyce† You are Joyce; he said looking at Ellen and â€Å"Jij bent Ellen† You are Ellen; he said looking atRead MoreThe Importance Of Learning A Second Language Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesHello. Nin Hao. Hallo. Ðâ€"Ð ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã µÃ ¹Ã'‚Ð µ. The art of language is intricate and useful in many aspects of life. The Encyclopedia of Education states â€Å"†¦between 60-75% of the world is bilingual.† When it comes to bilingual education most countries require students to learn their home language and English. The United States only requires two years of foreign language to graduate. This is due to the English language being considered as the universal language. Schools should require students to learn a secondRead MoreLiterature, Law Codes, And Archaic Sumerian Religion1003 Words   |  5 Pagesof their riverside location which led these ancient peoples to believe that the gods had preordained their future. Works Cited Chiera, Edward. They Wrote on Clay: The Babylonian Tablets Speak Today. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 1956. Hallo, William W., and William Kelly Simpson. The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brac Jovanovich, Inc., 1971. Pritchard, James B., ed. â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh.† In Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with SupplementRead MoreA Short Story :Do You Understand?752 Words   |  4 Pages† The large screen in the center of the room opened a new window. On it the face of a pale humanoid with large black eyes looked into the room. Various iridescent lights and buzzers blinked on and buzzed behind it. It opened its mouth and spoke, â€Å"Hallo an dich, Wir sind die Aliens. Wir kommen in Frieden.Wir sind hier um zu helfen.† A streak on one of the screens caught the President’s eye. He looked just in time to see a missile hit one of the cylindrical mechanisms. The red explosion turned intoRead MoreThe Hybrid Strategy And Tactics For Sell My Bike1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthis negotiation. Overall the report discusses the following tactics of negotiations: finding a bridge solution, assessing other part resistance point and managing other party’s impression, use of sweeteners, invention of options for mutual gain and hallo effects in perception. Strategy Tactics As this negotiation is a combination of both distributive and integrative. I choose a combination of tactics that allows benefits for both the parties. The selected tactics are Integrative Distributive Find

An Analysis of Chinaa E-Commerce Industry - 1488 Words

An Analysis of China’s E-Commerce Industry Introduction A little more than 10 years ago, China’s path to e-commerce leadership would have been difficult to foresee, even as the tech boom in the US and other markets saw the development of e-commerce as an important B2C and C2C channel. In 2000, China had yet to develop any e-commerce applications, and had only 2.1 million total internet users. Payment systems and physical delivery mechanisms to facilitate the development of e-commerce transactions were well-developed in other markets, but were simply lacking in China. Fast forward to the end of 2013: with Chinese internet users quickly approaching 600 million, China is on pace to pass the US and become the largest e-commerce†¦show more content†¦We can see from the chart below that by looking at the total e-commerce sales per country, China is the second-largest player in the global market, losing out only to the United States. Market trends Within the e-commerce industry in China, we are able to identify several market trends that shape the nature of the industry and also give us insights into how the industry will evolve in the near future. By comparing C2C and B2C transaction value over the pst few years, we can see that B2C has been gaining market share gradually, and will reach about 50% by 2016E. Also, we notice that there is rapid growth of mobile shopping, which is defined as customers who shop online using their mobile devices. Also, we notice that the amount of transactions that are processed using mobile devices has been slowly increasing over the past few years as well. Mobile Data from CNNIC indicate that mobile phones had become the number one terminal for surfing instead of computers by June

What Is the Role of Fashion Promotion, and How Will It...

What is the role of fashion Promotion within the fashion Industry, and how will it develop over the next five years? In an age where fashion and technology is constantly evolving it is important that we take a step back and take a look at the current happenings in the promotional side of the fashion industry. The fashion show,a key tool to making designers collections accessible to its consumer, will be the main focus of this essay. We shall define fashion promotion before looking at how the catwalk sits under this title. A brief history of the fashion show shall lead us into the present day, where we shall begin the debate of whether some fashion shows need be as extravagant and expensive as they are. We will look at well known†¦show more content†¦However like with any industry,things are changing and developments always occurring which are affecting many parts of the fashion industry. Tungate goes on to highlight the most obvious development is the availability on the web. The images of a show are displayed less than an hour after the designer has taken a bow. With this easy accessibili ty there is becoming less and less need for buyers to attend shows and instead they are able to choose their key pieces right from their own offices. Tungate also recognizes that private pre collection gatherings in showrooms are taking place before the actual show. This gives the buyer a chance to place their orders without the razza matazz and overheads (Tungate,2004,12) of a show. One may ask that if 70% of stock is being sold at pre collections ( Tungate,2004,12) then why is it necessary for designers to stage a show at all?This comes back to what we mentioned earlier about showcasing the brand .A show is no longer about selling a particular garment it is about selling the look and that is McDowells justification into its considerable costs. He believes that a show easily costs  £150,000 and this sum cannot be used just for the designers indulgence,it has to serve a purpose. Lets take a look at what Tungate might mean when using the word razzmatazz. Perhaps the best example for us to look at is Karl Lagerfelds Fall/Winter 07 collection that wasShow MoreRelatedWhat Is the Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry, and How Will It Develop in the Next Five Years?1862 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry, and how will it develop in the next five years? I am going to write about what the role of fashion promotion is within the fashion industry and discuss how it might develop in the next five years. To do this I shall review what fashion promotion is by defining it and finding out how, when and where it started. To understand what fashion promotion really is in a contemporary context I shall broadly look at how it is used and whatRead MoreFashion Promotion in 5 Years Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the role of fashion promotion within the fashion industry, and how will it develop over the next 5 years? Fashion promotion is the glue that holds together everything fashion related. Its all very well having a great designer who can create stunning garments out of fabulous materials, but fashion promotion is what advertises those garments, and sells them, and puts them out there for the world to see. If there werent photographers and buyers and journalists and stylistsRead MoreEssay about The Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Fashion Promotion Within the Fashion Industry I am going to write about what the role of fashion promotion is within the fashion industry and discuss how it might develop in the next five years. 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Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. Competition in the fashion industry is so rife such that the survival of fashion organizations cannot be guaranteed (StuartRead MoreChallenges Facing Fashion Industry in Ghana6592 Words   |  27 PagesTO THE STUDY The environment in which the fashion industry operates the world over has become turbulent, unpredictable and therefore, difficult to exert managerial control. Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. Competition in the fashion industry is so rife such that the survival of fashion organizations cannot be guaranteed (StuartRead MoreStrategic Plan of Sibanys Boutique2702 Words   |  11 Pagesunder, 24 to 50, and 50 and above. They tend to be trendy and fashion conscious (Thilmany, 2008). They also expect to pay more for their items than they would for more common merchandise offered by general clothing retailers. After market penetration has been achieved, the next step is to develop the market into a sustainable client base. Retail format development plays a key role in the ability to penetrate the market and develop a sustainable client base. Although boutique customers can be

Adult Obesity As A Public Health Issue - 984 Words

This essay aims to discover and analyse adult obesity as a challenging public health issue in England as it has a detrimental effect on the society. The rationale for choosing adult obesity as a public health issue is to comprehend and develop the knowledge of obesity and its impact on individual’s health and wellbeing to better meet the needs of an obese adult in clinical practice. Obesity will be defined, its trends and the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to an individual’s health and wellbeing will be discussed along with the health inequalities. Furthermore, this assignment will highlight relevant policies and legislation aimed at addressing the health risk and needs of an obese adult. Lastly, this essay will explain the role of a nurse in both promoting and assessing of the health requirements of obese adult and then the conclusion will be drawn summarising the key points of the essay. It is crucial to understand what makes a community healthy, as public health is concerned with health promotion of population rather than an individual focus (Department of Health (DOH) 2012). Wanless (2004) defines public health as a â€Å"science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting through the organised effort and informed of the society, organisations, communities and individuals†. It focuses on an entire population addressing the health needs of the population, working in a partnership with an individual, communities, health worker, health agencies andShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Cost For Obesity Essay809 Words   |  4 Pages Trends in Health Care Cost for Obesity The trend of health care costs is still primarily based on treatment and less on prevention. Adult obesity is a significant cause of preventable chronic diseases and one cause of increased health care costs in the United States. The cost of obesity impacts each state and community. 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It also helps to improve the health and well being of individuals, communities and the wider population and prevent from mortality and disability (Nursing Times.net, 2013). Prevention such as immunisation and screening, Protection such as safety and protection from abuse and promotion such as health education are the three ma in approaches of public health (RCNRead MoreObesity Is A Complex Process953 Words   |  4 PagesTackling obesity is a complex process that requires a proactive approach and interventions from the individual, society, local authorities, and public health service and partner organisation (PHE 2016f). In response to obesity as a public health issue, the government introduces no of policies, strategy and health campaign to tackle this problem, including Change4life campaign and Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England (Foresight 2007). Chang4life is a public health campaignRead MoreObesity As A Public Health Campaign958 Words   |  4 Pageslocal authorities, and public health service and partner organisation (PHE 2016e). In response to obesity as a public health issue, the government introduces no of polices, strategy and health campaign to tackle this problem, including Change4life campaign and Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A call to action on obesity in England. Chang4life is a public health campaign in England, which started in 2009 supported by the Department of Health to tackle growing problem of obesity. This was the first campaignRead MoreObesity : A Social And Economic Impact On Public Health Policy Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity in Adults: Introduction Obesity is defined as the excessive body fat accumulation that negatively impacts adult health conditions. Overweight and obese BMI is between 25 and 30 and 30. In 2010, obesity is a major public health issue that affects one million overweight adults and 400 million obese worldwide. Obesity is associated with risk factors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea etc. (Fock Khow, 2013)Read MoreObesity And The Body Weight Ideals1241 Words   |  5 Pagesarbitrary. Obesity to most people globally may be based on societal body weight ideals. Whatever be the definition of obesity any society, the fact remains that, when has a BMI of over twenty nine, health problems begin to pile up. The following data on obesity is quoted from the National Institute of Diabetes and digestive diseases (2012). Adults Age 20 and Older 2 More than two-thirds (68.8 percent) of adults are considered to be overweight or obese. 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Middle East Women Free Essays

Jay Sammelmann Dr. Holzhauer UI350-01 4/24/13 Women of the Middle East The women of the Middle East are very interesting to look in to. They are not just another person or treated by the same standards like they are treated here in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle East Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a lot of controversy and fighting for women’s rights throughout the Middle East. They have an extreme lack of power there and they are fighting to change that. It is not right that women are such inferior people over there because they are no different than any other female in this world. Sexism plays a big role in the Middle East and the women are getting sick of putting up with this treatment. This is a big part of what I will be looking into in the research paper: â€Å"What kind of role do women play in a typical Middle Eastern society? † I will also analyze a typical Middle Eastern woman’s daily life and I will also look into their dress. There dress is unlike any other place in the world. When I see a veil, I automatically think about a Middle Eastern woman, as the veil is kind of like the symbol of Middle Eastern women’s dress. The first issue I will address when examining women in the Middle East is their rights. I have always been under the impression that women couldn’t do certain things that are freedoms in the United States, like dressing however you may wish, because of their religion. Most women’s religion over there is Islam. Actually through research I have discovered that religion is not what holds back Middle Eastern women. The Quran actually has given Middle Eastern women many important rights that even women here in the United States and the West in general didn’t have until fairly recently when you look back through history. For example, Muslim women have always been able to retain their own assets, while the property of women in England was given to their husbands once they married all the way up until 1882 (Global Connections). Also, â€Å"Muslim women in many countries kept their own last name,† which shows that the men do not just gain â€Å"property rights† over the woman when they marry (Global Connections). The Quran has a lot of proof that religion isn’t the reason that women are fighting for rights in their region. The Quran has listed many freedoms and rights that Muslim women deserve. For example, the Quran instructs Muslims to educate daughters as well as sons and it insists that women have the right to refuse a prospective husband (Global Connections). These are just a few on a long list of rights from the Quran that are overlooked when outsiders view the Middle East. Maybe the most important thing the Quran states is, that men and women are equal in the eyes of God (Global Connections). This proves that religion isn’t the reason women are mistreated, because the rights are listed in fine print inside of their holy book. The traditional culture of the Middle East is the bigger problem with regard to women’s rights in this region, not religion. While women in the Middle East don’t have the fairest rights, they also have had more leadership positions than you may think as well. In particular there have been a fair amount of female political leaders in Muslim societies. Maybe the most important women were those who were the sisters of the Prophet Muhammad. They were extremely important to the early Muslim community because they knew his practice and teachings so well (Global Connections). Muhammad was the most influential person to ever come out of the Middle East, so it was crucial that his practice and teachings be passed on to further generations. Muhammad’s sisters weren’t the only powerful political figures over time in this region. Also, Aisha who is known as the favorite wife of Muhammad was also very influential. Something interesting about her was that she even participated in the Battle of Camel in 656 (Global Connections). Aisha wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assignation of the previous caliph, Uthman (Wise Muslim Women). A women leading in battle was never really seen before and isn’t seen very often today either. This demonstrates the importance of Aisha in Middle Eastern history. Another influential woman in the history of the Middle East was Shajarat al-Durr. She firmly established the Mamluk dynasty that would ultimately repulse the  Mongols, expel the  European  Crusaders  from the  Holy Land, and remain the most powerful political force in the  Middle East  until the coming of the  Ottomans (Wise Muslim Women). Some other female political figures over time in the Middle East are the Sultanate of Women in the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century was a period when several women had enormous power over affairs of the state (Global Connections). Today there is a small, but growing number of women in the parliaments of Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon (Global Connections). In Morocco women have secured 60 out of 395 seats, which may not sound like much, but that is fifteen percent of Parliament (Basch-Harod). The women’s movement campaign’s goal was to secure thirty percent of Parliament, but fifteen percent is a respectable start (Basch-Harod). It is encouraging to see that women are making a difference today as well. Although their contributions may not be the greatest, it’s great to see they are at least getting their foot in the door. These are just a few political leaders throughout time. This shows that women have the ability to gain power in the Middle East if they are put in the right situation. Not only were there some influential political leaders that were women, but there are also some powerful religious leaders as well. One female religious leader that has made a big impact is Rabia. â€Å"She was a freed slave who became a prominent scholar in the eight century city of Bara in Iraq† (Global Connections). Rabia was the person who first articulated the tenants of Sufism, which is a critical branch of Islam that emphasizes mysticism and a person’s personal relationship with God (Global Connections). She proved to be very influential as she never ended up marrying anyone citing that she didn’t want any distractions from her love for god. Rabia was looked up to by many people in the Islam community. A couple other important role models in the Islam community include Fatima, who was the prophet of Muhammad’s daughter and Zaynab who was the prophet’s granddaughter (Global Connections). This shows overall that women have been able to attain some power and have influence throughout time. I feel like the view of Americans is that women hardly even exist in the Middle East region. While they may not have the same rights and aren’t treated as well as they are here in the United States today, they have proven to have more influence throughout history than many women. Many women in the United States didn’t have any influence until the 1800s. Women have made significant strides and impacts in the Middle East for many centuries now, which is something to consider before you label Middle Eastern women as virtually nonexistent. One of the first things one notices about a Middle Eastern woman is their choice of clothing. The veil is kind of a symbol of Middle Eastern women. When I see a woman in a veil around campus and all covered up from head to toe, I automatically think it is a Middle Eastern woman. The hijab is the most common type of veil worn by Middle Eastern women. This has either one or two scarves covers the head and neck of the woman (Civic Dilemmas). This is an example of Middle Eastern woman’s modest dress. A few more styles of dress are the niqab, the chador, and the burqa. The niqab covers the entire body, including the head and face, while just leaving an opening for the eyes to see. These niqabs are very popular amongst the Muslim world in general (Civic Dilemmas). The chador is a full body length shawl that is held together at the neck by a pin and it leaves the face completely visible. This type of dress is most common in the Middle East, specifically in Iran, as compared to the rest of the world (Civic Dilemmas). The last style of dress I will explain is the burqa, which is a full body veil. The woman’s entire face and body is covered and she has to see through a mesh screen over the eyes (Civic Dilemmas). One will see this type of dress most commonly in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Actually for five years in the late 1990s and early 2000s the Taliban regime the use of a burqa was mandated by law (Civic Dilemmas). I don’t think that countries should force anybody to dress a certain way, but I am spoiled by the freedom that I have here in the United States. This just goes to show you how lucky we have it as Americans, that some people like in the Middle East are forced to wear certain clothes. How to cite Middle East Women, Papers